In the circuit that switches an inductive load, a contact failure may occur at a contact point due to surge or inrush current resulting from that switching.
Therefore, it is recommended that the following protective circuit be used to protect the contact point.

Circuit		Application		Features/Others		Device Selection
		AC	DC
CR circuit (r: resistor c: capacitor)		* Note:	Available	If the load is a relay or solenoid, the release time lengthens.Effective when connected to both contacts if the power supply voltage is 24 or 48 V and the voltage across the load is 100 to 200 V.	If the load is a timer, leakage current flows through the CR circuit causing faulty operation. Note: If used with AC voltage, be sure the impedance of the load is sufficiently smaller than that of the CR circuit.	As a guide in selecting r and c, c: 0.5 to 1 µF per 1 A contact current r: 0.5 to 1 ohm; per 1 V contact voltage Values vary depending on the properties of the load and variations in timer characteristics. Capacitor c acts to suppress the discharge the moment the contacts open. Resistor r acts to limit the current when the power is turned on the next time. Test to confirm. Use a capacitor with a breakdown voltage of 200 to 300 V. Use AC type capacitors (non-polarized) for AC circuits.
					-
		Available	Available
Diode circuit		N/A	Available	The diode connected in parallel causes the energy stored in the coil to flow to the coil in the form of current and dissipates it as joule heat at the resistance component of the inductive load. This circuit further delays the release time compared to the CR circuit.(2 to 5 times the release time listed in the catalog)		Use a diode with a reverse breakdown voltage at least 10 times the circuit voltage and a forward current at least as large as the load current. In electronic circuits where the circuit voltages reverse breakdown voltage of about 2 to 3 times the power supply voltage.
Varistor circuit		Available	Available	Using the rated voltage characteristics of the varistor, this circuit prevents excessively high voltages from being applied across the contacts. This circuit also slightly delays the release time. Effective when connected to both contacts if the power supply voltage is 24 or 48 V and the voltage across the load is 100 to 200 V.		-

The type of load and its inrush current characteristics, together with the switching frequency are important factors which cause contact welding. Particularly for loads with inrush currents, measure the steady state current and inrush current and use a relay or magnet switch which provides an ample margin of safety. The table below shows the relationship between typical loads and their inrush currents.

When you want large load and long life of the timer, do not control the load direct with a timer. When the timer is designed to use a relay or a magnet switch, you can acquire the longer life of the timer.

Since PM4H and LT4H series timers use a transformerless power supply system, the input equipments must have the power supply transformer in which the secondary side is not grounded with the primary and secondary sides insulated, in order to prevent interference of the power supply circuit when connecting the external input circuit as Fig. A.
Be sure not to use an autotransformer. In case of secondary side grounded or using the autotransformer, this product may be destroyed due to short circuit electrically as Fig. B (1 and 2).
In case of F.G. terminal of equipments such a PLC grounded in secondary side of the transformer, inner circuits of this product and the input equipment may be destroyed due to short circuit electrically as Fig.B (3).
Therefore, use the isolated type timers or do not ground F.G. terminal of the products.

Long continuous current flow through the timer (approx. one month or longer) cause generation of heat internally, which degrade the electronic parts. Use the timer in combination with a relay and avoid long continuous current flow through the timer.

When using contact output

When using non-contact output

• 1.For connecting and disconnecting operating voltage to the timer, a circuit should be used, which will prevent the flow of leakage current. For example, a circuit for contact protection as shown in Fig A. will permit leakage current flow through R and C, causing erroneous operation of the timer. Instead, the circuit shown in Fig. B should be used.

• 2.If the timer is directly switched with a non-contact element, leak current may flow into the timer and cause it to malfunction.

If the operation voltage for the timer is turned ON after the limit time operation is completed or before the limit time is reached, the Power off time longer than the timer restoration time must be secured.

If the timer is restored immediately after the specified time is reached, the circuit must be configured so that the restoration time of the timer can be secured sufficiently.
If the power circuit for the timer is turned OFF with the timer contact, a suicide circuit may be configured (Fig. A). In order to settle the problem with this potential suicide circuit, the circuit must be designed so that the timer is turned OFF after the self-retention circuit is completely released (Fig. B).

The electrical life varies depending on the load type, the switching phase, and the ambient atmosphere. In particular, the following cases require careful attention:

• 1.If an AC load is switched in synchronized phases:Locking or welding is liable to occur due to contact transposition. Check this with the actual system.
• 2.If a load is switched very frequently:
  If a load which generates arcs when a contact is switched is turned ON and OFF very frequently, nitrogen and oxygen in air are combined due to arc energy and then HNO3 is produced. This may corrode metallic materials.

The effective countermeasures include:

Correctly connect the pins while seeing the pin layout/connection diagram. In particular, the DC type, which has polarities, does not operate with the polarities connected reverse. Any incorrect connection can cause abnormal heating or ignition.

• 1.Supply voltage must be applied at a time through a switch, a relay, and other parts. If the voltage is applied gradually, the specified time may be reached regardless of its value or the power supply may not be reset.
• 2.The operation voltage for the DC type must be at the specified ripple percentage or less. The average voltage must fall within the allowable operation voltage range.

  Rectification type	Ripple percentage
  Single-phase, full-wave	Approx. 48%
  Three-phase, full-wave	Approx. 4%
  Three-phase, half-wave	Approx. 17%

• 3.Make sure that no induced voltage and residual voltage are applied between the power pins on the timer after the power switch is turned OFF.

• 1.The load for the control output must be used within the load capacity specified in the rated control capacity. If it is used exceeding the rated value, the life is greatly shortened.
• 2.The following connection might result in short circuit between the heteropolar contacts in the timer.

• 1.To install the timer, use the dedicated pin bracket or socket (cap). Avoid connecting the pins on the timer by directly soldering them.
• 2.In order to maintain the characteristics, do not remove the timer cover (case).

For the superimposed surge of power supply, the standard waveform (±1.2×50μs or ±1×40μs) is taken as the standard value for surge-proof voltage.
(The positive and negative voltages are applied each three or five times between the power pins.) For the standard values for the PM4H, LT4H, and S1DX type timers, see the respective items in "Caution on usage."

Single-pole, full-wave voltage for surge waveform[±(1.2×50)μs]

Single-pole, full-wave voltage for surge waveform[±(1×40)μs]

If external surge occurs exceeding the specified value, the internal circuit may break down. In this case, use a surge absorption element. The typical surge absorption elements include a varistor, a capacitor, and a diode. If a surge absorption element is used, use an oscilloscope to see whether or not the foreign surge exceeding the specified value appears.

Do not change the set time when the limit time operation is in progress.
However, this is possible only with the motor-driven type timer if the set time is shorter than the remaining time. For changing the set time on the digital timer (LT4H), see the relevant item in "Caution on use."

• 1.Use the timer within the ambient temperature range from -10°C to +50°C/ +14°F to +122°F (+55°C/ +131°F for the LT4H series) and at ambient humidity of 85% RH maximum.
• 2.Avoid using the timer in a location where (a) inflammable or corrosive gas is generated, (b) the timer is exposed to much dust and other foreign matter; (c) water or oil is splashed on the timer; or (d) vibrations or shocks are given to the timer.
• 3.The timer cover (case), the knobs, and the dials are made of polycarbonated resin. Therefore, prevent the timer from being exposed to organic solvents such as methyl alcohol, benzine, and thinner, strong acid substances such as caustic soda, and ammonia and avoid using the timer in atmosphere containing any of those substances.
• 4.If the timer is used where noises are emitted frequently, separate the input signal elements (such as a sensor), the wiring for the input signal line, and the timer as far as possible from the noise source and the high power line containing noises.

In order to increase the reliability in the actual use, check the quality of the timer in the actual usage.

• 1. If the timer is used exceeding the ratings (operation voltage and control capacity), the contact life, or any other specified limit, abnormal heat, smoke, or ignition may occur.
• 2. If any malfunction of the timer is likely to affect human life and properties, give allowance to the rated values and performance values. In addition, take appropriate safety measures such as a duplex circuit from the viewpoint of product liabilities.

• 1.Be sure not to use terminal (10) as the common terminal of the input signal as shown in Fig. A. Otherwise, the internal circuit of the timer may be damaged. Use terminal (2) as the common terminal as shown in Fig. B.

  If the circuits is connected as in Fig. C,the internal circuits must be broken. Be sure to connect the circuit as in Fig. D.
• 2.When one input signal is simultaneously applied to more than one timer, be sure to avoid the wiring shown in Fig. E.Otherwise, the short-circuit current will flow and cause damage. Be sure to align the polarity of the power supply as shown in Fig. F.
• 3.Terminal (2)-(6) (screw terminal [2]-[3]) should be connected as the start input. Connect terminals (2)-(7) (screw terminal [2]-[4]) for reset signal input. Connect terminals (2)-(5) (screw terminal [2]-[5]) for stop signal input. Be sure not to connect with other terminals and apply excessive voltage. The internal circuit will be damaged.
• 4.The input wiring other than the power supply circuit should avoid these conditions,high-voltage wiring and parallel wiring with power wire. Wire in short with using the shielding wire or metal wiring tube.
• 5.For start, reset and stop input, use gold-plated contact with high reliability. Since contact bouncing causes errors in the start, use an input contact less bounce time.
• 6.Keep the minimum signal input times over 0.05s.

• 1.Connection of contact input (Pin type example)

Use gold-plated contacts with high-reliability. The bounce time at the contacts causes errors in the timer operation time. Accordingly, use start input contact whose bounce time is short. The resistance when shorted should be less than 1kohm;, and when open resistance should be more than 100kohm. For the screw terminal type, connect the terminal [2] to the each input signal.

• 2.Connection of contact input (Pin type example)

Apply the open-collector connection. The characteristics of the transistor used must be VCEO=10V or more, IC=10mA or more, and ICBO=6µA or less. Additionally, the input impedance must be 1kohm; or less, and the residual voltage must be 0.6V or less. For the screw terminal type, connect the terminal [2] to the each input signal.

• 3.Connection of non-contact input (Pin type example)(voltage input)

Even if the open collector is not used, input is also possible from the non-contact circuit of 6 to 30V DC. In this case, the start input is turned on when the signal is turned from H to L. The residual voltage must be 0.6V or less when Q is on. On the AC type, an insulated transformer is required as the power supply for the photoelectric sensor, etc. (power supply for the input devices).

When the power ON time is less than the minimum power application time, the contacts may remain in an ON state, so the state of the contacts should be checked before use. When the contacts are in an ON state, activating them once will return them to their normal state (the OFF state after time-out). (Be aware that relay characteristics may result in the contacts being in that same ON state if exposed to excessive vibration and impact during transport.)

To set the time, turn the set dial to a desired time within the range. Instantaneous output will be on when the dial is set to "0". When the instantaneous output is used, the dial should be set under "0" range.(Instantaneous output area)

For the superimposed surge of power supply, the standard waveform is taken as the standard value for surge-proof voltage. If external surge occurs exceeding the specified value, the internal circuit may break down. In this case, use a surge absorption element.

The positive and negative voltages are applied each five times between the power pins. The typical surge absorption elements include a varistor, a capacitor, and a diode. If a surge absorption element is used, use an oscilloscope to see whether or not the foreign surge exceeding the specified value appears.

Please abide by the conditions below when using in applications that comply with EN61812-1.

1.Overvoltage category III, pollution level 2

2.This timer employs a power supply without a transformer, so the power and input signal terminals are not insulated.

3.The load connected to the output contact should have basic insulation.

4.Please use a power supply that is protected by an overcurrent protection device which complies with he EN/IEC standard (example: 250 V 1 A fuse, etc.).

5.You must use a terminal socket or socket for the installation. Do not touch the terminals or other parts of the timer when it is powered. When installing or un-installing, make sure that no voltage is being applied to any of the terminals.

6.Do not use this timer as a safety circuit. For example when using a timer in a heater circuit, etc., provide a protection circuit on the machine side.